Xanthium strumarium

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium strumarium

Name

Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Xanthium macrocarpum DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 356 (1815).
- Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 23 (1831).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum (Vell.) Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(3): 147 (1884).
  - Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
- Xanthium indicum J.Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 601 (1832).
- Xanthium inaequilaterum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
  - Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 68 (1856).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterum (DC.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind.: 133 (1876).
- Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 230 (1842).
- Xanthium antiquorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 229 (1842).
- Xanthium arenarium Lasch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 411 (1856).
- Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 32 (1923).
  - Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249 (2003).
- Xanthium japonicum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 31 (1923).
- Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 36 (1923).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme (Widder) Winkl. ex Y.Z.Zhao, L.Q.Zhao & C.Rui, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 3. 5: 93 (2019).
- Xanthium pungens var. globuliforme C.Shull, Bot. Gaz. 83: 385 (1927).
- Xanthium mongolicum Kitag., Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 97 (1936).
- Xanthium natalense Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 274 (1937).
- Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 249 (2000).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Great Britain, Ireland.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Madeira.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Lesser Sunda Islands.
- Regional: Papuasia
  - New Guinea.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: South-Central Pacific
  - Marquesas.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 987. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Xanthium strumarium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 23. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Xanthium strumarium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Xanthium strumarium. Published online. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Xanthium strumarium. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Xanthium strumarium in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 23.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthium strumarium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

башҡортса: Тилермән
català: Llepassa
čeština: Řepeň durkoman
Deutsch: Gewöhnliche Spitzklette
English: rough cockleburr
فارسی: توق
suomi: Karheasappiruoho
français: Lampourde d'Orient
עברית: לכיד הנחלים
日本語: オナモミ
한국어: 도꼬마리
മലയാളം: അരിഷ്ട
Nederlands: Late stekelnoot
polski: Rzepień pospolity
русский: Дурнишник обыкновенный
தமிழ்: மருளூமத்தை
Türkçe: Büyük pıtrak
українська: Нетреба звичайна
Tiếng Việt: Ké đầu ngựa
中文: 苍耳