Themeda triandra
Themeda triandra

Taxonavigation edit

Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Andropogoneae
Subtribus: Anthistiriinae
Genus: Themeda
Species: Themeda triandra

Name edit

Themeda triandra Forssk. 1775.

Synonyms edit

  • Homotypic
    • Themeda polygama J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis]: 149 (1791), nom. superfl.
    • Anthistiria forskalii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 162 (1829), nom. superfl.
  • Heterotypic
    • Anthistiria imberbis Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 11 (1783).
    • Andropogon ciliatus Thunb. in J.A.Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 903 (1784).
    • Stipa arguens Houtt., Linn. Pfl. Syst. 12: 455 (1785), sensu auct.
    • Stipa paleacea Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 101 (1789).
    • Anthistiria barbata Desf., Observ. Phys. 40: 294 (1792).
    • Anthistiria glauca Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 380 (1799), nom. superfl.
    • Anthistiria japonica Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 901 (1806), nom. superfl.
    • Anthistiria australis R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 200 (1810).
    • Calamina imberbis (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 129 (1812).
    • Anthistiria polystachya Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 252 (1820).
    • Anthistiria ciliata Cav. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 291 (1824), pro syn.
    • Anthistiria desfontainii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 161 (1829), nom. superfl.
    • Apluda imberbis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 251 (1840), pro syn.
    • Anthistiria argentea Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 127 (1841).
    • Anthistiria ciliata var. mollicoma Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 121 (1841).
    • Anthistiria punctata Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448 (1850).
    • Andropogon tenuipedicellatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393 (1854).
    • Anthistiria brachyantha Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 71 (1854).
    • Anthistiria subglabra Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh., prepr.: 23 (1854).
    • Anthistiria syriaca Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 72 (1854).
    • Anthistiria arguens f. japonica Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3B: 236 (1856).
    • Anthistiria caespitosa Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 241 (1856).
    • Anthistiria cuspidata Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 242 (1856).
    • Anthistiria depauperata Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 243 (1856).
    • Anthistiria puberula Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 3, 2: 240 (1856).
    • Apluda barbata Llanos, Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 4: 497 (1858).
    • Anthistiria arguens var. japonica (Andersson) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 290 (1866).
    • Anthistiria paleacea (Poir.) Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 734 (1878).
    • Anthistiria ciliata var. brachyantha (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 460 (1884).
    • Anthistiria ciliata var. syriaca (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 460 (1884).
    • Anthistiria ciliata var. burchellii (Hack.) Hack., Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 139 (1885).
    • Anthistiria vulgaris Hack. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 29 (1887).
    • Themeda forskalii Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 659 (1889), nom. superfl.
    • Themeda forskalii var. argentea (Nees) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 661 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. burchellii Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 661 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. glauca Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 663 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. imberbis (Retz.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 660 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii subvar. japonica (Andersson) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 662 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. major Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 660 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. mollissima Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 661 (1889), orth. var.
    • Themeda forskalii subvar. subglobosa Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 662 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. vulgaris (Hack.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 660 (1889), not validly publ.
    • Themeda triandra var. brachyantha (Boiss.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 663 (1889).
    • Themeda triandra var. syriaca (Boiss.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 663 (1889).
    • Themeda forskalii var. paleacea (Poir.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 731 (1894).
    • Themeda brachyantha (Boiss.) Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 129 (1895).
    • Themeda glauca Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 128 (1895), nom. superfl.
    • Anthistiria imberbis var. roylei Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 213 (1896).
    • Anthistiria imberbis var. vulgaris (Hack.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 213 (1896).
    • Anthistiria imberbis var. argentea (Nees) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 367 (1898).
    • Anthistiria imberbis var. burchellii (Hack.) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 367 (1898).
    • Anthistiria imberbis var. mollicoma (Nees) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 367 (1898).
    • Themeda triandra subvar. japonica (Andersson) Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 378 (1904).
    • Themeda imberbis (Retz.) T.Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 993 (1908).
    • Themeda triandra var. imberbis (Retz.) Hack., Proc. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 7(2): 63 (1908).
    • Themeda triandra var. glauca (Hack.) Thell., Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 75 (1912).
    • Themeda triandra var. japonica (Andersson) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 213 (1912).
    • Themeda triandra var. burchellii (Hack.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20(85): 280 (1915).
    • Themeda triandra var. vulgaris (Hack.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20(85): 278 (1915).
    • Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 420 (1919).
    • Themeda triandra var. hispida Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 418 (1919).
    • Themeda triandra var. punctata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 419 (1919).
    • Themeda japonica (Andersson) Tanaka, Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1(4): 194, 207 (1925).
    • Themeda japonica var. viridiflora Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 350 (1930).
    • Themeda triandra var. bracteosa Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 17 (1930).
    • Themeda triandra var. trachyspathea Gooss., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 195 (1934).
    • Themeda triandra var. sublaevigata Chiov., Webbia 8: 61 (1951).
    • Themeda triandra subsp. japonica (Andersson) T.Koyama, Grass. Japan: 532 (1987).
    • Themeda unica S.L.Chen & T.D.Zhuang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(2): 56 (1989).
    • Themeda barbinodis B.S.Sun & S.Wang, J. Yunnan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 21: 96 (1999).
    • Themeda barbata (Desf.) Veldkamp, J. Jap. Bot. 90: 294 (2015).

Distribution edit

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to Australia
      • Algeria, Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Djibouti, East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Ghana, Guinea, Hainan, India, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jawa, Kenya, Korea, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Socotra, Somalia, South Australia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Victoria, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
    • Introduced into:
      • France, New Caledonia, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Solomon Is.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References edit

Primary references edit

  • Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Ex Officina Mölleri: Hauniae [=Copenhagen]. 1–20 + i–xxxiv + 1–164 + 1 map. BHL Reference page. : 178

Additional references edit

  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Links edit

Vernacular names edit

Afrikaans: Rooigras
English: Red grass, kangaroo grass
한국어: 솔새
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