Template:Fryxell, 2001
- Fryxell, P.A. 2001. Malvaceae. Pp. 186–219 in Steyermark, J.A. (†), Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 6, Liliaceae–Myrsinaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 0-915279-81-9.