Spinacia oleracea

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Anserineae
Genus: Spinacia
Species: Spinacia oleracea
Subspecies: S. o. subsp. oleracea – S. o. subsp. turkestanica

Name

Spinacia oleracea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1027. (1753)

Lectotype: Herb. LINN.-1174.1 microfiche! (designated by Hedge in Regnum Veg. 127: 90. 1993).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Chenopodium oleraceum (L.) E.H.L.Krause, (Deutschl. Fl. (ed. 2), 5: 186 (1901), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Chenopodium oleraceum Schur 1866)
Heterotypic
- Spinacia glabra Mill., Gard. Dict, ed. 8: n 2 (Spinacia). (1768)
- Spinacia oleracea subsp. glabra (Mill.) Cout., Fl. Portugal: 188 (1913)
- Spinacia inermis Moench, Methodus: 318 (1794), nom. illeg.
- Spinacia spinosa Moench, Methodus: 318 (1794), nom. illeg.
- Spinacia domestica Borkh., Rhein. Mag. 1: 481 (1793)
- Spinacia sessiliflora Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 537 (1812), nom. illeg. superfl. (cites Spinacia oleracea L. as synonym)
- Spinacia tetrandra Roxb., Hort. Beng. 72 (1814); Fl. Ind. 3: 771. (1824), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Spinacia tetrandra Steven ex M.Bieb., 1808)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
known only cultivated, origin probably in Western Asia References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.
Krause, E.H.L. 1901. J. Sturms Flora von Deutschland: in Abbildungen nach der Natur. 2. Auflage, 5. Band. Mittelsamige und Haufenfrüchtige, Centrospermae und Polycarpicae. 320 pp., 64 pl. Stuttgart, K.G. Lutz. BHL Reference page.
Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page.
Coutinho, A.X.P. 1913. Flora de Portugal (plantas vasculares) disposta em chaves dichotomicas. A (1st ed.). Paris, Aillaud, Alves. BHL Reference page.
Moench, C. 1794. Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis vol. 1–2, 780 pp., Marburgi Cattorum: Nova Libraria Academiae. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.304 Reference page.
Borkhausen, M.B. 1793. Rheinisches Magazin zur Erweiterung der Naturkunde. 1. Band. Gießen, Heyer. (online) Reference page.
Stokes, J. 1812. A Botanical Materia Medica, Vonsisting of the Generic and Specific Characters of the Plants Used in Medicine and Diet, with Synonyms, and References to Medical Authors. London: J. Johnson and Co. Vol. I: (BHL); Vol. II: (BHL); Vol. III: (BHL); Vol. IV: (702 pp.; BHL; Biblioteca Digital). Reference page.
Roxburgh, W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Del Guacchio, E. & Caputo, P. 2022. Towards a rational nomenclature of cultivated plants: proposal of taxonomic reassessment of Cicer reticulatum (Fabaceae) and Spinacia turkestanica (Chenopodiaceae). Phytotaxa 558(3): 298–300. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.3.7 Reference page.
Uotila, P. 2011+. Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). Spinacia oleracea – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Freitag, H., Hedge, I.C, Jafri, S.M.H, Kothe-Heinrich, G., Omer, S. & Uotila, P. 2001. Chenopodiaceae. In: Ali, S.I. (ed.): Flora of Pakistan 204. 217 pp., Department of Botany/Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi/St. Louis, ISBN 1-930723-10-5 eFloras. Reference page. : Spinacia oleracea
Aellen, P. 1938. Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Spinacia L. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Botanique Suisse 48: 485–490. (online) Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Spinacia oleracea in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Mar. 07. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2024. Spinacia oleracea. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2024. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Mar. 07. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2024. Spinacia oleracea. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 07 2024.

Vernacular names

Boarisch: Spinod
беларуская: Шпінат агародны
català: Espinac
čeština: Špenát setý
dansk: Spinat
Deutsch: Echter Spinat
Ελληνικά: Σπανάκι
English: Spinach
español: Espinaca
eesti: Aedspinat
suomi: Pinaatti
français: Épinard
עברית: תרד Tered
magyar: Paraj
italiano: Spinacio
日本語: ほうれんそう Hourensou
Lëtzebuergesch: Päinetsch
latviešu: Dārza spināti
norsk bokmål: Spinat
Nederlands: Spinazie
polski: Szpinak
português: Espinaca
русский: Шпинат огородный
slovenčina: Špenát siaty
slovenščina: Špinača
svenska: Spenat
தமிழ்: பசளி
ไทย: ปวยเล้ง
Türkçe: Ispanak
ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: پالەك
Tiếng Việt: Rau chân vịt
中文: 菠菜 bo cai