Spinacia oleracea

Spinacia oleracea

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Anserineae
Genus: Spinacia
Species: Spinacia oleracea
Subspecies: S. o. subsp. oleracea – S. o. subsp. turkestanica

Name

Spinacia oleracea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1027. (1753)

• Lectotype: Herb. LINN.-1174.1 microfiche! (designated by Hedge in Regnum Veg. 127: 90. 1993).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Chenopodium oleraceum (L.) E.H.L.Krause, (Deutschl. Fl. (ed. 2), 5: 186 (1901), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Chenopodium oleraceum Schur 1866)
• Heterotypic
  • Spinacia glabra Mill., Gard. Dict, ed. 8: n 2 (Spinacia). (1768)
  • Spinacia oleracea subsp. glabra (Mill.) Cout., Fl. Portugal: 188 (1913)
  • Spinacia inermis Moench, Methodus: 318 (1794), nom. illeg.
  • Spinacia spinosa Moench, Methodus: 318 (1794), nom. illeg.
  • Spinacia domestica Borkh., Rhein. Mag. 1: 481 (1793)
  • Spinacia sessiliflora Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 537 (1812), nom. illeg. superfl. (cites Spinacia oleracea L. as synonym)
  • Spinacia tetrandra Roxb., Hort. Beng. 72 (1814); Fl. Ind. 3: 771. (1824), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Spinacia tetrandra Steven ex M.Bieb., 1808)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
known only cultivated, origin probably in Western Asia References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I. Pp. [I–XII], 1–560. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. 
• Krause, E.H.L. 1901. J. Sturms Flora von Deutschland: in Abbildungen nach der Natur. 2. Auflage, 5. Band. Mittelsamige und Haufenfrüchtige, Centrospermae und Polycarpicae. 320 pp., 64 pl. Stuttgart, K.G. Lutz. BHL Reference page. 
• Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page. 
• Coutinho, A.X.P. 1913. Flora de Portugal (plantas vasculares) disposta em chaves dichotomicas. A (1st ed.). Paris, Aillaud, Alves. BHL Reference page. 
• Moench, C. 1794. Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis vol. 1–2, 780 pp., Marburgi Cattorum: Nova Libraria Academiae. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.304 Reference page. 
• Borkhausen, M.B. 1793. Rheinisches Magazin zur Erweiterung der Naturkunde. 1. Band. Gießen, Heyer. (online) Reference page. 
• Stokes, J. 1812. A Botanical Materia Medica, Vonsisting of the Generic and Specific Characters of the Plants Used in Medicine and Diet, with Synonyms, and References to Medical Authors. London: J. Johnson and Co. Vol. I: (BHL); Vol. II: (BHL); Vol. III: (BHL); Vol. IV: (702 pp.; BHL; Biblioteca Digital). Reference page. 
• Roxburgh, W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Del Guacchio, E. & Caputo, P. 2022. Towards a rational nomenclature of cultivated plants: proposal of taxonomic reassessment of Cicer reticulatum (Fabaceae) and Spinacia turkestanica (Chenopodiaceae). Phytotaxa 558(3): 298–300. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.3.7 Reference page. 
• Uotila, P. 2011+. Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). Spinacia oleracea – In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
• Freitag, H., Hedge, I.C, Jafri, S.M.H, Kothe-Heinrich, G., Omer, S. & Uotila, P. 2001. Chenopodiaceae. In: Ali, S.I. (ed.): Flora of Pakistan 204. 217 pp., Department of Botany/Missouri Botanical Press, Karachi/St. Louis, ISBN 1-930723-10-5 eFloras. Reference page. : Spinacia oleracea
• Aellen, P. 1938. Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Spinacia L. Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Botanique Suisse 48: 485–490. (online) Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Spinacia oleracea in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Mar. 07. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2024. Spinacia oleracea. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2024. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Mar. 07. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2024. Spinacia oleracea. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 07 2024. Reference page.

Vernacular names

• Boarisch: Spinod
• беларуская: Шпінат агародны
• català: Espinac
• čeština: Špenát setý
• dansk: Spinat
• Deutsch: Echter Spinat
• Ελληνικά: Σπανάκι
• English: Spinach
• español: Espinaca
• eesti: Aedspinat
• suomi: Pinaatti
• français: Épinard
• עברית: תרד Tered
• magyar: Paraj
• italiano: Spinacio
• 日本語: ほうれんそう Hourensou
• Lëtzebuergesch: Päinetsch
• latviešu: Dārza spināti
• norsk bokmål: Spinat
• Nederlands: Spinazie
• polski: Szpinak
• português: Espinaca
• русский: Шпинат огородный
• slovenčina: Špenát siaty
• slovenščina: Špinača
• svenska: Spenat
• தமிழ்: பசளி
• ไทย: ปวยเล้ง
• Türkçe: Ispanak
• ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche: پالەك
• Tiếng Việt: Rau chân vịt
• 中文: 菠菜 bo cai

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