Mussaenda frondosa

Mussaenda frondosa

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Dialypetalanthoideae
Tribus: Mussaendeae
Genus: Mussaenda
Species: Mussaenda frondosa

Name

Mussaenda frondosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 177 (1753)

• Type: P. Hermann s.n. (lectotype [​fide Jayaweera 1963: 239]: BM000621963^(JSTOR) [the top-left specimen]); P. Hermann s.n. (syntype: BM000621964^(JSTOR) [the bottom one on the same sheet of the lectotype, see Jayaweera 1963]).
• Type locality: [Sri Lanka. Low-country Wet Zone.]

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Gardenia frondosa (L.) Lam., Encycl. 2(2): 608 (1788)
• Heterotypic
  • Mussaenda formosa L., Mant. Pl.: 45 (1767), nom. illeg., non Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 16 (1760) [≡ Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) Fagerl.]; not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
  • Mussaenda fruticosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 168 (1767); not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
  • Mussaenda sumatrensis Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 250 (1819)
    • Type locality: In India orientali.
  • Mussaenda sumatrensis B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 152 (1821), isonym; not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
  • Mussaenda belilla Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203 (1824); as M. Belilla; not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]; reduction also suggested by Ridsdale in Manilal, Bot. Hist. Hort. Malab.: 131 (1980) [see Nicolson, Suresh & Manilal 1988: 226]
    • Type: Rheede, Hortus Malabaricus 2: 27, t. 18 (1679).
  • Mussaenda dovinia Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203 (1824); not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
    • Note: for this name, Hamilton cited Folium Principissæ angustifolium in Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 4: 111 (1743) and this was later identified as Mussaenda forsteniana Miq. by Merrill (1917: 484).
  • Mussaenda flavescens Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 203 (1824); not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
    • Type: seen by Ray and Hermann.
  • Mussaenda sericea Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16: 986 (Oct 1826 - Nov 1827); not accepted by Fosberg, Sachet & Oliver (1979: 272) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
    • Type: L {L 0000802, L.2932853^(JSTOR)} [collected by C.G.C. Reinwardt]; possible type: U 0041597^(JSTOR) [collector unknown].
    • Type locality: [Indonesia.] In Moluccis.
  • Mussaenda ingrata Wall. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3(7): 89 (1880); not accepted by Jayaweera (1963: 236) [cited as Mussaenda frondosa]
    • Type:
      • Wallich EIC 6250 F. (syntype: K001123433^(JSTOR) [without any type indication]; 'Unknown type material': K000031988^(JSTOR)).
      • R. Wight Cat. 1267 (syntypes: K {K000031986^(JSTOR), K000031987^(JSTOR)}).
  • Mussaenda frondosa var. ingrata (Wall.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3(7): 89 (1880)

Notes

Jayaweera sank also the following two names under M. frondosa:

• Mussaenda tomentosa Wight ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3(7): 90 (1880), nom. inval. pro syn. sub Mussaenda frondosa var. hirsutissima Hook.f. [≡ Mussaenda hirsutissima (Hook.f.) Hutch. ex Gamble]
  • Note: for this name, Hooker had cited Wight Cat. 1271 (K {K000031984^(JSTOR), K000031985^(JSTOR), K000032005^(JSTOR)}, NY00132302^(JSTOR)), which is different from that of Mussaenda tomentosa Wall. ex G.Don (Wight s.n. in Wallich EIC 6265).
• Mussaenda villosa Schlecht. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3(7): 90 (1880), pro syn. sub Mussaenda frondosa var. hirsutissima Hook.f.
  • Note: Hooker had cited Pl. Hohenack. N. 1382 for this name.

Misapplied names

• Mussaenda macrophylla auct. non Wall., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 228 (1824): Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 57 (1877)
  • Note: see Jayaweera (1963: 236).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka Indo-China Andaman Is., Cambodia, Nicobar Is., Thailand, Vietnam Malesia Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku [type locality of M. sericea], Sulawesi, Sumatera Papuasia New Guinea Pacific Northwestern Pacific Caroline Is. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 177. Reference page.  "fr. frondoso"

Additional references

• Linnaeus, C. 1767. Mantissa Plantarum. Generum editionis VI. et Specierum editionis II. [1]: 1–142 + index (2 pp.). Holmiae. BHL Reference page. 
• Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Tomus 2 (Regnum vegetabile): 736 + 15 pp. Holmiæ [Stockholm]. Impensis Direct Laurentii Salvii. BHL. Reference page. 
• Lamarck, J.-B. 1786–1788. Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Tome 2. 774 pp. Panckoucke, Paris; Plomteux, Liége. BHL Reference page. 
• Roth, A.W. & Heyne, B. 1821. Novae Plantarum Species praesertim Indiae orientalis: Ex collectione doct. Benj. Heynii. iv + 412 pp, Halberstadii, Sumptibus H. Vogleri. BHL Reference page. 
• Hamilton, F. 1824. A Commentary on the Second Part of the Hortus Malabaricus. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14: 171–312. BHL Reference page. 
• Blume, C.L. 1826 ["1825"]. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. 16 de Stuk. Pp. 942–1066. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia. BHL Reference page. 
• Wallich, N. 1828–1849. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company, which have been supplied by Dr. Wallich, superintendent of the botanic garden at Calcutta. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Kurz, S. 1877. Forest Flora of British Burma. Vol. 2. Calcutta. BHL Reference page. 
• Hooker, J.D., assisted by various botanists, 1880–1882. The Flora of British India Vol. 3. Caprifoliaceae to Apocynaceae. 712 pp. London: L. Reeve. BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1917. An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. 595 pp., Manila, Bureau of Printing. BHL Reference page. 
• Jayaweera, D.M.A. 1963. The Rubiaceous genus Mussaenda: the species of India and Ceylon. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 44(2): 232–267. BHL Reference page. 
• Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H. & Oliver, R. 1979. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15(1–2): 41–295. PDF Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. 1980. The Rubiaceae in Hortus Malabaricus. In: Manilal, K.S. (ed.), Botany and History of Hortus Malabaricus, Balkema, pp. 128–138. Google Books.
• Nicolson, D.H., Suresh, C.R. & Manilal, K.S. 1988. An interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus. Regnum Vegetabile 119: 1–378. Google Books. Reference page. 
• Chen Tao & Taylor, C.M. 2011. Mussaenda frondosa. Pp. 231, 232, 235, 236 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.-Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9. efloras PDFReference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Mussaenda frondosa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 March 23. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Mussaenda frondosa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 March 31. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Mussaenda frondosa. Published online. Accessed: 23 March 2022.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Mussaenda frondosa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 March 2022.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Mussaenda frondosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 23 March 2022.

Vernacular names

English: Dhobi Tree
हिन्दी: बेदीना
Jawa: Kalik Adep (Priyadi et al. 2010: 147)
ಕನ್ನಡ: ಬೆಲ್ಲೊಟ್ಟಿ
മലയാളം: വെള്ളില
मराठी: भूतकेश
Bahasa Melayu: Balik Adep (Priyadi et al. 2010: 147)
සිංහල: මුස්සැන්ද
Sunda: Kingkilaban (Priyadi et al. 2010: 147)
Tiếng Việt: Bướm bạc lá
中文: 洋玉叶金花

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