Milicia excelsa

Milicia excelsa

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Rosales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Moraceae
Tribus: Moreae
Genus: Milicia
Species: Milicia excelsa

Name

Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 52: 227 (1982)

Synonymy

• Basionym
  • Morus excelsa Welw., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 69 (1869)
    • Typus: F. Welwitsch 1559 (Holotypus: LISU(-LISU224227, -LISU224228, -LISU224229, -LISU224230); ⧼isotypi⧽: B, BM, G-G00008690, K-K000049686, MEL-MEL2413560, P).
    • Type locality: Angola. [Cuanza Norte:] Distr. Golungo Alto.
• Homotypic
  • Maclura excelsa (Welw.) Bureau in A.de Candolle, Prodr. 17: 231 (1873); as M.? excelsa
  • Chlorophora excelsa (Welw.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 363 (1880)
• Heterotypic
  • Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 139 (1894); not accepted by Rendle (1916: 23) and Berg (1982, 1991) [cited as Milicia excelsa]
    • Typus: Quintas 154 (in flower, February 1888; holotypus: COI; isotypus: LISU).
    • Type locality: [São Tomé and Príncipe.] Insel. St. Thomé[São Tomé].
  • Milicia africa Sim, Forest Fl. Port. E. Afr.: 97 (1909); not accepted by Rendle (1916: 23) [cited as Chlorophora excelsa], Berg (1982) and Berg & Hijman (1989) [cited as Milicia excelsa]
    • Typus: Sim 5386 (not seen by Berg 1985 nor Berg & Hijman 1989: 6).
    • Type locality: Mozambique.
  • Chlorophora alba A.Chev., Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 209 (1912); not accepted by Rendle (1916: 23), Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay (1954–1958) [cited as Chlorophora excelsa] and Berg (1982) [cited as Milicia excelsa]
    • Typus: A.J.B. Chevalier 24236 (25 June 1910; P-MNHN-P-P00376591; isotypus: K-K000243085).
    • Type locality: Haut-Dahomey[Benin]. Kouandé.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Regional: West Tropical Africa Benin, Burkina (fide Hassler and POWO), The Gambia (fide POWO), Ghana, Guinea (fide Hassler and POWO), Guinea-Bissau (fide Hassler and POWO), Ivory Coast, Liberia (fide POWO), Nigeria, Sierra Leone (fide Hassler and IUCN), Togo Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Burundi (fide IUCN and POWO), Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is. (Bioko, São Tomé), Rwanda (fide IUCN), Zaïre Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Ethiopia, Sudan Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia (fide Hassler), Zimbabwe References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Welwitsch, F. 1869. Sertum Angolense, sive Stirpium quarundam novarum vel minus cognitarum in itinere per Angolam et Benguelam observatarum Descripto Iconibus illustrata. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 27: 1-94. BHL Reference page. 
• Berg, C.C. 1982. The reinstatement of the genus Milicia Sim (Moraceae). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 52: 225–229. DOI: 10.2307/3668057 Reference page. 

Additional references

• Bentham, G. & Hooker, J.D. 1880. Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 3, pars 1, sistens Dicotyledonum Monochlamydearum ordines XXXVI (Nyctagnieas – Ceratophylleas) et Gymnospermearum ordines III (Gnetaceas – Cycadaceas). A. Black, 459 pp. Londini [London]. BHL Reference page. 
• Engler, A. 1894. Moraceae africanae. I. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 20: 139–150. BHL Reference page. 
• Chevalier, A. 1912. Urticaceæ in Novitates floræ africanæ. Plantes nouvelles de l’Afrique tropicale française décrites d’après les collections de M. Aug. Chevalier. Mémoires de la Société Botanique de France 8: 207–211. DOI: 10.1080/00378941.1907.10833386. Reference page. 
• Hutchinson, J. & Rendle, A.B. 1916–1917. Order CXXIIIc. Moraceæ. In: Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 6 sec.2. Ulmaceae to Cycadaceae, pp. 17–240. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. BHL Reference page. 
• Berg, C.C. in Flore du Cameroun 28: 9. (1985) Google Books.
• Berg, C.C. & Hijman, M.E.E. 1989. Flora of Tropical East Africa, Moraceae. 95 pp. A.A. Balkema/Rotterdam/Brookfield. ISBN 90 6191 350 0 Google Books. Reference page. 
• Berg, C.C. 1991. Moraceae. In: Launert, E. & Pope, G.V. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca 9(6), pp. 13–76. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, London, United Kingdom. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Milicia excelsa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 October 25. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2021. Milicia excelsa. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 October 25. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Milicia excelsa. Published online. Accessed: 25 October 2021.
• IUCN: Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg (Near Threatened)
• Tropicos.org 2021. Milicia excelsa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 26 October 2021.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Milicia excelsa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 25 October 2021.

Vernacular names

ak: Odum
English: African Teak
suomi: Afrikaniroko, fustikki
日本語: イロコ
Kongo: Nkamba
Luganda: Muvule
Kiswahili: Mvule
Yorùbá: Ìrókò

For more multimedia, look at Milicia excelsa on Wikimedia Commons.