Homalium racemosum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Salicaceae
Tribus: Homalieae
Genus: Homalium
Species: Homalium racemosum

Name

Homalium racemosum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 5, 24 (1760)

• Typus: Jacquin (Holotypus: apparently not preserved fide Applequist 2013: 56).
• Type locality: Martinica in pratensibus ad ostium fluminis dicti Capot[Martinique. Mouth of the river Capot]; specified in Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist.: 170, t. 183, f. 72 (1763).

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Homalium obtusatum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 465 (1858); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 51) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J.J. Linden 2122, September 1844 (holotype: KW; isotypes: BM(-BM000611141, -BM000611142), BR, FI-Webb, G(-G00364343, -G00364347-G00364354), K-K000471127, NY)
    • Type locality: Cuba. Prov. Sant Jago, alt. 3000 ped.
  • Homalium pedicellatum Spruce ex Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 36 (1859); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 53) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • ⧼Typi⧽:
      • Lectotypus: R. Spruce 1489, May 1851 (holotype: G; isolectotypes: B, BM-BM000624536, E, F, FI-Webb, G(-G00364355, -G00364356), GH-00066739, GOET, K-K000471111, L [fragm.], LD, M, NY, P{P02442225, P02442226}, RB, TCD, W); designated by Blake (1919: 231–232)
      • Syntypus: R. Spruce 3722 ([June 1854]; K [​K000471110^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], W 1889-0144132 [under number '3722 (1662)']).
    • Type locality:
      • Lectotypus: Brazil. Southern shore of the Rio Negro to its junction with the Solimoes [or prope Barra (= Manaus)].
      • Syntypus: Venezuela. [Near Maipure, near Orinoco River.]
  • Homalium cuneifolium Willd. ex Eichler in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 13(1): 508 (1871); not accepted by Applequist (2013: 32) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: not designated; no original material is known to survive (Applequist 2013: 32)
  • Homalium hondurense Donn.Sm., Bot. Gaz. 20: 4 (1895); as 'Homalium Hondurense'; not accept by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 40) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: C. Thieme 5227, September 1887 (syntypes: US(-00114719, -00114720)).
    • Type locality: Honduras. Rio Permejo near San Pedro Sula, alt. 600 ft.
  • Homalium integrifolium Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 354 (1910), nom. illeg., non (Lam.) Baill. (1886); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 40) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.H. Harris & N.L. Britton 10741, 10 March 1909 (holotype: NY; isotypes: F, GH-00066718, K, P(MNHN-P-P00789799), PH, US-00114723).
    • Type locality: [Jamaica.] Woodlands, eastern slopes of the southern end of the John Crow Mountains.
  • Homalium columbianum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 233 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 32) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.M. Curran 21 (April–May 1916; Holotypus: US [​US00114712 (537186)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​V0060233F (588533)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, fragm.], GH 00066736^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, S [S04-79^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], WIS {WIS00000769MAD^(JSTOR), WIS00000770MAD^(JSTOR)}, YU {YU.069993^(JSTOR), YU.069994^(JSTOR)}).
    • Type locality: Colombia. Department of Bolívar: Lands of Loba, San Martín de Loba.
  • Homalium eleutherostylum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 232 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 35) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: R. Spruce 1662 (July 1851; Holotypus: GH 00066738^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​BM000624537^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], E [​E00296676^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], G {G00364331^(JSTOR), G00364340^(JSTOR)}, K {K000471113^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, K000471114^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}, M-0112963 / 34148 / 24934^(JSTOR), P {P02442227^(GBIF), P02442228^(GBIF)}, TCD [​TCD0005449], W 1889-0004401).
    • Type locality: Brazil. Province of Rio Negro: near Barra.
  • Homalium eurypetalum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 234 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 35) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H. Pittier 6817 (Holotypus: US [​US00114715 (941440)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BR [​BR0000005103881^(JSTOR)], G [​G00364312^(JSTOR)], L 0010997^(JSTOR) [fragm.], S [S10-14148^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, fragm. and photocopy of the isotype in G], US [​US00114716 (471669)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Costa Rica. Pacific slope, the swamp of Sierpe.
  • Homalium hemisystylum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 228 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 39) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: P. Wilson 259 (in flower, 15 June 1902; Holotypus: US [​US00114718 (430335)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotypus: NY [​NY00107432^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. The Sierra de Luquillo.
  • Homalium leiogynum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 228 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 44) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: A.A. Heller & E.G. Heller 992 (in flower, 7 April 1899; Holotypus: US [​US00114725 (426116)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​V0060228F (119915)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​K000471124^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​NY00107434^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
      • Note: Blake cited no. 462,116.
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. Dry woods at Fajardo.
  • Homalium nicaraguense S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 225 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 50) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: C. L. Smith 3 (18 February 1896; Holotypus: US [​US00114732 (1010053)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼isotypi⧽: F {V0060222F (1524684)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, V0060223F (1524683)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}).
    • Type locality: Nicaragua. "B.J. Camp," vicinity of San Juan del Norte (Greytown).
  • Homalium pittieri S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 230 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 53) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.F. Pittier 7390 (September 1917; Holotypus: US [​US00114734 (892575)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotypus: GH 00066740^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}).
    • Type locality: Venezuela. In the Lower Catuche wood above Caracas, altitude 1,000 to 1,200 meters, light woods.
  • Homalium pleiandrum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 227 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 54) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: A.A. Heller & E.G. Heller 957 (30 March 1899; Holotypus: US [​US00114735 (426086)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: F [​V0060229F (119895)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​K000471123^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​NY00107435^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Porto Rico [= Puerto Rico]. Pastures near Rio Piedras.
  • Homalium racemosum subsp. barbellatum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 229 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 56) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.H. Harris 9981 (27 September 1907; Holotypus: US [​US00114736 (656806)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽; BM {BM000611143^(GBIF), BM000611144^(GBIF)}, C [​C10012576^(JSTOR)], F [​V0060213F (243045)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], K [​K000471125^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], NY [​NY00107436^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], P, US [​US00997805 (1146653)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Jamaica. Hope River Valley.
  • Homalium stenosepalum S.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 234 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 60) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: H.F. Pittier 2804 (17 February 1911; Holotypus: US [​US00114739 (676938)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​BM000624530^(GBIF)], F [​V0060226F (506323)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], G [G00364348^(JSTOR)], GH 00066741^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, L 0010999^(JSTOR) [fragm.], MO-194807 (883641)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, NY [​NY00107431^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], S [S04-75^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​US00997913 (676939)^(GBIF)]).
    • Type locality: Panama. Along the Chagres River, below Gatún, Canal Zone, near sea level.
  • Homalium trichocladum C.F.Blake, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 231 (1919); not accepted by Sleumer (1980), Acevedo-Rodríguez & Strong (2012: 864) and Applequist (2013: 63) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: M.D. Fuertes L. 1098 (in flower, June 1911; Holotypus: GH 00066719^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BM [​BM000624531^(GBIF)], C [C10012575^(JSTOR)], F [​V0060230F (385511)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], HBG, K [​K000471122^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], L 0010998^(JSTOR), S [S10-14154^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​US00769809 (1559170)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
    • Type locality: Santo Domingo [= Dominican Republic]. Province of Barahona.
  • Homalium riparium Standl., Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 74 (1935), nom. illeg., non Gilg (1908); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 57) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: W.A. Schipp 1182, 16 July 1933 (holotype: F; isotypes: A, BM(-BM000543016, -BM000543018), BRH, F, G, GH {00066716 & 00589354}, K-K000471129, L, LL, MA, MICH, MO, NY, US-US00516704 (1652139))
    • Type locality: Belize. Rio Grande, river bank, 10 m.
  • Homalium schippii Standl., Trop. Woods 52: 27 (1937), nom. nov. pro Homalium riparium Standl., non Gilg (1908); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 58) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: vide H. riparium Standl..
  • Homalium anzoateguiense Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 410 (1952); as Homalium anzoateguiensis; not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 25) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J.A. Steyermark 60993 (in flower, 20 February 1945; Holotypus: F [​V0060231F (1371290)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: L 0010996^(JSTOR) [fragm.], NY [​NY00107437^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], US [​US00114711 (1998327)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], VEN [VEN29627^(JSTOR)]).
    • Type locality: Venezuela. State of Anzoátegui, northeast of Bergantín, tributary to Río Neverí, woods along Río Léon by Quebrada Danta, alt. 500 m.
  • Homalium mituense Cuatrec., Trop. Woods 101: 19 (1955); not accepted by Sleumer (1980) and Applequist (2013: 48) [cited as Homalium racemosum]
    • Typus: J. Cuatrecasas 6908 (in flower, 20 September 1939; Holotypus: US [​US00114728 (1795019)^{(GBIF, JSTOR, speciesLink)}]; ⧼Isotypi⧽: BC-Cuatrecasas-635136^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, COL [​COL000002920 (50173)^(JSTOR)]).
    • Type locality: Colombia. Comisaría Vaupés: orilla del río Vaupés, entre Mitú y Mirití, 200 m. altitud.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Northern America Mexico Mexico Gulf (Veracruz), Mexico Southwest (Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca), Mexico Southeast (Chiapas). Southern America Central America Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama. Caribbean Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. (Antigua-Barbuda, Guadeloupe), Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is. (Dominica, Martinique). Northern South America French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela. Western South America Bolivia [see Note below], Colombia, Peru. Note: Bolivian occurrence is represented by P.F. Foster & N. Ritter 75 (collected in Velasco, Santa Cruz, alt. 205 m, 11 September 1995; deposited at USZ [see Tropicos record(GBIF)]). Brazil Brazil West-Central (Mato Grosso) [see Note below], Brazil Northeast (Maranhão), Brazil North (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Roraima). Note: Sleumer (1980) cites Pohl 2320 (deposited at W) as an occurrence in Goiás which Marquete & Medeiros (2022) do not recognize. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Jacquin, N.J. 1760. Enumeratio systematica plantarum, quas in Insulis Caribaeis vicinaque Americes continente detexit novas, aut iam cognitas emendavit. 41 pp. Apud Theodorum Haak, Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

(List may be incomplete)

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: I–XXV, 1–1192. DOI: 10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1 BHL Reference page. 
• Alford, M.H.,  Homalium%20racemosum. In: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. 2015. Cátalogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. ISBN 978-958-775-726-2 ResearchGate (Vol. 1).  Accessed: 16 December 2022. Reference page. 
• Applequist, W.L. 2013. A nomenclator for Homalium (Salicaceae). Skvortsovia 1(1): 12–74. PDF Reference page. 
• Bentham, G. 1860[1859]. Notes on Homalium. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany 4: 31–38. BHL Reference page. 
• Blake, S.F. 1919. The genus Homalium in America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 20: 221–235. BHL Reference page. 
• Britton, N.L. 1910. Studies of West Indian plants—III. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 37: 345–363. BHL JSTOR Reference page. 
• Cuatrecasas, J. 1955. Taxonomic Notes on Neotropical Trees. Tropical Woods no. 101: 10-28. PDF Reference page. 
• Donnell Smith, J. 1895. Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American Republics. XIV. Botanical Gazette 20(1): 1–11, pl. BHL JSTOR Reference page. 
• Jacquin, N.J. 1763. Selectarum stirpium Americanarum historia, in qua ad Linnaeanum systema determinatae descriptaeque sistuntur plantae illae, quas in insulis Martinica, Jamaica, Domingo, aliisque, et in vicinae continentis parte, observavit rariores; adjectis iconibus in solo natali delineatis. XII + 284 pp., index, 184 tt. Ex officina Krausiana, Vindobonae [Vienna]. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Moraes, M. & Jørgensen, P.M. Homalium racemosum. In: Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck, S.G. (eds.) 2013. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): 1–1741. ISBN 978-1-930723-71-9 (issue 1), ISBN 978-1-930723-83-2 (issue 2). Online version at Tropicos. Reference page. 
• Sleumer, H.O. 1980. Flacourtiaceae. (Flora Neotropica, Monograph 22.) 499 pp. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. JSTOR Reference page.  [see pages 61–65]
• Standley, P.C. 1937. Notes upon Woody Plants of Tropical America, with Descriptions of Two New Species. Tropical Woods 52: 26–29. Journal numbers 49–52 (PDF). Reference page. 
• Steyermark, J.A. & collaborators. 1952. Botanical exploration in Venezuela—II. From Droseraceae through Umbelliferae. In Contributions to the flora of Venezuela. Fieldiana: Botany 28(2): 243–447. BHL. Reference page. 
• Turczaninow, N. 1858. Animadversiones in secundam partem herbarii Turczaninowiani, nunc Universitatis Caesareae Charkowiensis. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 31(I): 185–250, 379–476. BHL BHL Reference page. 
• Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.  [see page 881]

Links

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium anzoateguiense. Accessed: 2022 December 15.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium racemosum. Accessed: 2022 December 15.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium columbianum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium eleutherostylum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium eurypetalum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium hemisystylum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium leiogynum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium nicaraguense. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium pittieri. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium pleiandrum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium racemosum subsp. barbellatum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium stenosepalum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Homalium trichocladum. Accessed: 2022 December 16.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Homalium racemosum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 December 16. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2021. Homalium racemosum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 July 4. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Homalium racemosum. Published online. Accessed: 4 July 2021.
• IUCN: Homalium racemosum Jacq. (Least Concern) - Assessed by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group on 12 June 2018 and published in 2019.
• Marquete, R. & Medeiros, E.V.S.S. 2022. Homalium racemosum. Flora e Funga do Brasil. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 7 September 2024.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Homalium racemosum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 December 2022.

Vernacular names

español: Palo Amarillo (Steyermark 1952)

• Saint Lucian Creole French: Mahot Piment