Balanophoraceae

Corynaea crassa showing adaptations to parasitism

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Santalales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Santalales

Familia: Balanophoraceae
Genera: Balanophora – Chlamydophytum – Corynaea – Dactylanthus – Ditepalanthus – Exorhopala – Hachettea – Helosis – Langsdorffia – Lathrophytum – Lophophytum – Mystropetalon – Ombrophytum – Rhopalocnemis – Sarcophyte – Scybalium – Thonningia

Name

Balanophoraceae Rich., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 429 (1822) nom. cons.

• Type genus: Balanophora J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Char. Gen. Pl. 50 (1775)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
• Balanophoroideae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 1: 250, 260 (1889), pro subfam.
• Heterotypic
  • Dactylanthaceae Takht., Sist. Magnoliof. 43 (1987)
    • Dactylanthoideae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 1: 250, 252 (1889), pro subfam.
      • Dactylantheae Benth. & J.D.Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3: 233 (1880), pro trib.
  • Hachetteaceae Doweld, Prosyllabus Tracheoph. xxiv (2001)
  • Helosaceae Bromhead, Mag. Nat. Hist. N.S. 4: 336, 338 (1840) («Helosiaceae»)
    • Helosoideae Harms in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 16b: 318 (1935) (“Helosidoideae”), pro subfam.
      • Heloseae Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 11 (1832) (“Helosieae”), pro trib.
  • Langsdorffiaceae Pilg. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 4: 76 (1914)
    • Langsdorffioideae Takht., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 698 (1990) (“Langsdorfioideae”), pro subfam.
      • Langsdorffieae Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 12 (1832) (“Langsdorfieae”), pro trib.
  • Lophophytaceae Bromhead, Mag. Nat. Hist. N.S. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
    • Lophophytoideae Engl., Syllabus, ed. 3: 115 (1903), pro subfam.
      • Lophophyteae Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. 11 (1832), pro trib.
  • Mystropetalaceae J.D. Hooker in Lindley, Veg. Kingd. ed. 3: 94 (1853) («Mystropetalinae»).
    • Mystropetaloideae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 1: 250, 252 (1889), pro subfam.
      • Mystropetaleae Eichler in De Candolle, Prodr. 17: 123 (1873), pro trib.
  • Sarcophytaceae A.Kern., Pflanzenleb. 2: 708 (1891)
    • Sarcophytoideae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 1: 250, 252 (1889), pro subfam.
      • Sarcophyteae Endl., Gen. Pl. 73 (1836), pro trib.
  • Scybaliaceae A.Kern., Pflanzenleb. 2: 708 (1891)
    • Scybalioideae Engl. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III, 1: 250, 253 (1889), pro subfam.
      • Scybalieae Eichler in Actes Congr. Intern. Bot. 152 (1867)
      • Thonningieae Pilg. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 4: 78 (1914)
        

Note: Su et al. (2015) prefer to segregate Dactylanthus, Hachettea and Mystropetalon into Mystropetalaceae, but this has not gained wider acceptance and so a conservative position is adopted here.

References

• Richard, L.C.M. 1822. Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 8: 429.
• Nickrent, D.L., Soltis, D.E., Colwell, E.A., Wolfe, A.D., Young, N.D., Steiner, K.E., & de Pamphilis, C.W. 1998. Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants. Pp. 211-241, in Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., & Doyle, J. J. (eds), Molecular Systematics of Plants II: DNA Sequencing. Kluwer, Boston.
• Nickrent, D.L., Malécot, V., Vidal-Russell, R. & Der, J.P. 2010. A revised classification of Santalales. Taxon 59(2): 538–558. DOI: 10.1002/tax.592019 JSTOR PDF. Reference page. 
• Nickrent, D.L. 2022. The Parasitic Plant Connection, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Available on line [1]. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Balanophoraceae in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Oct. 31. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2019. Balanophoraceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 25. Reference page. 
• Lohmüller, F.A. 2005. The Botanical System of the Plants[2]
• Su, H.J., Hu, J.M., Anderson, F.E., Der, J.P. & Nickrent, D.L. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships of Santalales with insights into the origins of holoparasitic Balanophoraceae. Taxon 64(3): 491-506. DOI: 10.12705/643.2 PDF from ResearchGate Reference page. 

Vernacular names

日本語: ツチトリモチ科
中文: 蛇菰科

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