Gypsophila vaccaria

Gypsophila vaccaria

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Caryophyllaceae
Tribus: Caryophylleae
Genus: Gypsophila
Species: Gypsophila vaccaria

Name

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Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 279 (1809).

Synonyms

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  • Basionym
    • Saponaria vaccaria L., Sp. Pl.: 409 (1753).
  • Homotypic
    • Lychnis vaccaria (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 303 (1771).
    • Saponaria rubra Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 541 (1779), nom. superfl..
    • Vaccaria parviflora Moench, Methodus: 63 (1794).
    • Vaccaria vulgaris Host, Fl. Austriaca 1: 518 (1827), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Huth, Helios 11: 136 (1893), nom. inval.
    • Silene vaccaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 120 (1901).
    • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. parviflora Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218. (1924), nom. inval.
    • Vaccaria hispanica var. vaccaria (L.) Greuter, Willdenowia 25: 139 (1995).
    • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. vaccaria (L.) P.Eliáš, Fl. Slovenska 6(3): 657 (2012).
  • Heterotypic
    • Saponaria amplissima Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 4 (1768).
    • Saponaria hispanica Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Errat. (1768).
      • Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496 (1965).
    • Saponaria segetalis Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg.: 194 (1768).
      • Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 84 (1860).
    • Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Philos. Bot. 1: 96 (1789).
      • Vaccaria segetalis subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Dostál, Kvetena CSR, ed. 2: 426 (1948).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Holub, Preslia 70: 116 (1998).
    • Saponaria perfoliata Roxb. ex Willd., Hort. Berol.: 464 (1809).
      • Vaccaria perfoliata (Roxb. ex Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830).
    • Vaccaria sessilifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830), nom. superfl.
    • Vaccaria arvensis Link, Handbuch 2: 240 (1831), nom. superfl.
    • Saponaria pentagona Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 512 (1841).
    • Dianthus inclusus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 268 (1842).
      • Saponaria inclusa K.Koch, Linnaea 15: 711 (1842).
      • Vaccaria inclusa Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 776 (1843).
    • Saponaria vaccaria var. grandiflora Fischer ex Ser. in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 365 (1824).
      • Holotype: [Gruzinia], "Iberia. Tiflis". 1819, Fischer (G-DC)
      • Vaccaria grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 40, t. 231 (1847).
      • Vaccaria perfoliata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Halácsy, Consp. F1. Graec. 1: 190 (1900).
      • Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218 (1924)
      • Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 214 (1967).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Meusel & H.Mühlberg in Hegi, Ill. F1. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3: 978 (1971).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 83 (1976).
    • Vaccaria oxyodonta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 68 (1854).
      • Saponaria oxyodonta Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. oxyodonta (Boiss.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
    • Saponaria liniflora Boiss. & Hausskn. in P.E. Boissier, Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
      • Vaccaria liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 142 (1917).
      • Vaccaria hispanica subsp. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
      • Vaccaria hispanica var. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
    • Vaccaria pyramidalis Prahl, Krit. Fl. Schlesw.-Holst. 2(2): 28 (1890).
    • Vaccaria brachycalyx Pau, Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 10 (1918).
    • Saponaria vaccaria f. grohii B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93: 645 (1966).


Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe (introduced)
      • Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria (extinct), Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia; introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland (introduced), Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse (extinct), France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Malta, Sicily), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia).
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States (introduced), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Tenerife), Madeira.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa (introduced)
      • Eritrea, Ethiopia.
    • Regional: East Tropical Africa (introduced)
      • Kenya.
    • Regional: Southern Africa (introduced)
      • Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean (introduced)
      • Mauritius, Réunion.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Siberia (introduced)
      • Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia.
    • Regional: Russian Far East (introduced)
      • Khabarovsk, Primorye.
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan (introduced), Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced).
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Armenia, Gruziya, Azerbaijan,).
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Palestine (Israel, Jordan), Sinai, Turkey.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
    • Regional: China (introduced)
      • China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced)
      • Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam, Bangladesh, India (introduced), Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced), West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China (introduced)
      • Thailand.
    • Regional: Malesia (introduced)
      • Jawa.
  • Continental: Australasia (introduced)
    • Regional: Australia
      • Tasmania.
  • Continental: Northern America(introduced)
    • Regional: Subarctic America
      • Alaska, Yukon.
    • Regional: Western Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico, Texas.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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беларуская: Тысячагалоў
dansk: Konellike
Deutsch: Kuhkraut
English: Cowherb, Cowcockle, Cow-basil, Forbidden Palace Flower
eesti: Põld-lehmalill
suomi: Toukokukka
íslenska: Sapujurt
Nederlands: Koekruid
norsk: Kunellik
polski: Krowiziół zbożowy
svenska: Åkernejlika
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