Ginkgo biloba

Female plant in fruit

Ancient historic specimen located at 20 Eosa-daero, Gyeyang-gu, Incheon (Gyesan-dong), South Korea

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Ginkgoales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Ginkgophyta Classis: Ginkgoopsida Ordo: Ginkgoales

Familia: Ginkgoaceae
Genus: Ginkgo
Species: Ginkgo biloba

Name

Ginkgo biloba L., Mant. Pl. 2: 313 (1771).

• Type locality: "Habitat in Japonia. Gordon Hortul. angl. vivam arborem dedit."
• Lectotype: Gordon, Herb. Linn. No. 1292B.2 (LINN), designated by Barrie in Jarvis & al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127 : 49 (1993).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Salisburia adiantifolia Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. 3: 330 (1797), nom. illeg.
  • Salisburia biloba (L.) Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 109 (1824).
  • Salisburia ginkgo Rich., Comm. Bot. Conif. Cycad.: 133 (1826), nom. illeg.
  • Pterophyllus salisburiensis J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 163 (1866), nom. illeg.
• Heterotypic
  • Salisburia adiantifolia var. laciniata Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
    • Ginkgo biloba var. laciniata (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. laciniata (Carrière) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
  • Salisburia adiantifolia var. variegata Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
    • Ginkgo biloba var. variegata (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. variegata (Carrière) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 25 (1887).
  • Salisburia macrophylla Reyn., Cat. Sénécl.: 40 (1854).
  • Salisburia adiantifolia var. pendula Van Geert, Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 1862: 62 (1862).
    • Ginkgo biloba var. pendula (Van Geert) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 713 (1867).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. pendula (Van Geert) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
  • Pterophyllus salisburiensis aurea J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 164 (1866).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. aurea (J.Nelson) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 47 (1887).
    • Ginkgo biloba var. aurea (J.Nelson) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
  • Ginkgo biloba aureovariegata Sénécl., Conifères: 81 (1868).
  • Ginkgo biloba macrophylla-laciniata Sénécl., Conifères: 81 (1868).
  • Ginkgo macrophylla K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 108 (1873).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. macrophylla Hartw. & Rümpler, Bäume Sträucher: 664 (1875).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. macrophylla (Hartw. & Rümpler) Sprecher, Ginkgo biloba: 178 (1907).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. fastigiata A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
    • Ginkgo biloba f. fastigiata (A.Henry) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 1 (1949).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. triloba A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. latifolia L.Henry, Rev. Hort. (Paris), n.s., 11: 83 (1911).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. longifolia L.Henry, Rev. Hort. (Paris), n.s., 11: 82 (1911).
  • Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 5 (1929).
  • Ginkgo biloba f. adiantifolia Sprecher ex Tobler, Ber. Deutsch. Bot .Ges. 58: 363 (1940).
  • Ginkgo biloba f. microsperma Sugim., J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).
  • Ginkgo biloba f. parvifolia Sugim., J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Southeastern Europe Romania (introduced). Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: China China South-Central, China North-Central (introduced), China Southeast. Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea (introduced). Continental: Northern America Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois (introduced). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum Editionis VI et Specierum Editionis II. Holmiae [Stockholm]. pp. [6] + 143­–587, Appendix. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, 1016 pp. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Ginkgo biloba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 May 22. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2024. Ginkgo biloba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 May 2024.
• International Plant Names Index. 2024. Ginkgo biloba. Published online. Accessed: 22 May 2024.
• Hassler, M. 2024. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Ginkgo biloba. Accessed: 22 May 2024.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Ginkgo biloba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names

العربية: جنكو
беларуская: Гінкга
български: Гинко
català: Ginkgo
čeština: jinan dvoulaločný
Cymraeg: Coeden ginco
dansk: Tempeltræ
Deutsch: Ginkgo
Ελληνικά: Γκίγκο
English: Maidenhair Tree, Gingko
español: Ginkgo
eesti: Hõlmikpuu
suomi: Neidonhiuspuu
français: Ginkgo
galego: Xinkgo
עברית: גינקגו דו אונתי
hrvatski: Dvorežnjasti ginko
magyar: páfrányfenyő
italiano: Ginkgo
日本語: イチョウ
ქართული: გინკგო
한국어: 은행나무
Lëtzebuergesch: Ginkgobam
lietuvių: Dviskiautis ginkmedis
latviešu: Ginki
Nederlands: Ginkgo
norsk: Tempeltre
polski: miłorząb dwuklapowy
português: Ginkgo
română: Ginkgo
русский: Гинкго двухлопастный
slovenčina: ginko dvojlaločné
slovenščina: Dvokrpi ginko
српски / srpski: Гинко
svenska: Kinesiskt Tempelträd
ไทย: แปะก๊วย
Türkçe: Mabet ağacı
українська: Гінкго дволопатеве
Tiếng Việt: Bạch quả
中文: 銀杏

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