Wikispecies

Echinochloa colonum

Echinochloa colonum
Echinochloa colonum

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Paniceae
Subtribus: Boivinellinae
Genus: Echinochloa
Species: Echinochloa colonum

Name

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Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, 1833

Synonyms

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  • Basionym
    • Panicum colonum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 870 (1759).
  • Homotypic
    • Milium colonum (L.) Moench, Methodus: 202 (1794).
    • Oplismenus colonum (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 108 (1816).
    • Oplismenus crus-galli var. colonum (L.) Coss. & Durieu in M.C.Durieu de Maisonneuve, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 28 (1855).
    • Panicum crus-galli var. minus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 359 (1864).
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 26 (1890).
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 132 (1895).
    • Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. colona (L.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 22 (1923).
    • Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 122 (1923).
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Japan: 1470 (1925).
  • Heterotypic
    • Panicum aegyptiacum Gouan, Hortus Monsp.: 35 (1762).
    • Panicum brizoides L., Mant. Pl. 2: 184 (1771).
    • Panicum tetrastichum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 19 (1775).
    • Panicum pseudocolonum Roth in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 424 (1817).
    • Panicum numidianum C.Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul.: 19 (1820), nom. illeg.
    • Digitaria cuspidata (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2: 265 (1824).
    • Panicum geniculatum Forssk. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., 1: 309 (1824), pro syn.
    • Panicum haematodes C.Presl, Fl. Sicul.: xliii (1826).
    • Panicum margaritaceum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 205 (1827).
    • Panicum zonale Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 82 (1827).
    • Oplismenus cuspidatus (Roxb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 45 (1829).
    • Oplismenus margaritaceus (Link) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829).
    • Oplismenus pseudocolonus (Roth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829).
    • Oplismenus repens J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 321 (1830).
    • Panicum cuspidatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 301 (1832).
    • Panicum caesium Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy.: 235 (1837).
    • Oplismenus colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Schrad., Linnaea 12: 429 (1838).
    • Oplismenus colonus var. zonalis (Guss.) Schrad., Linnaea 17: 429 (1838).
    • Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl., Fl. Panorm. 1: 119 (1839).
    • Panicum colonum var. pseudocolonum (Roth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 281 (1841).
    • Panicum incertum Bosc ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 258 (1841), nom. nud.
    • Panicum colonum var. humile Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 7 (1843).
    • Panicum hookeri Parl., Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 8: 586 (1846).
    • Panicum daltonii Parl. ex Webb in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 185 (1849).
    • Panicum equitans Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 365 (1850).
    • Orthopogon dichotomus Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip.: 38 (1851).
    • Orthopogon subverticillatus Llanos, Fragm. Pl. Filip.: 38 (1851).
    • Oplismenus daltonii (Parl. ex Webb) J.A.Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins.: 136 (1852).
    • Panicum brachiariiforme Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 54 (1853).
    • Panicum cumingianum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 58 (1853).
    • Panicum musei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 58 (1853).
    • Panicum prorepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 46 (1853).
    • Echinochloa equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) C.E.Hubb. in G.M.D.Troupin, Fl. Spermatophyt. Parc Nat. Garamba 1: 33 (1856).
    • Echinochloa divaricata Andersson in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(2): 549 (1864).
    • Panicum petiveri Kotschy ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.: 545 (1864), pro syn.
    • Echinochloa colonum var. leiantha Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 436 (1884).
    • Chamaeraphis brachiariiformis (Steud.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771 (1891).
    • Panicum colonum var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 772 (1894).
    • Panicum colonum f. maculatum Arechav., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 119 (1894).
    • Panicum colonum var. zonale (Guss.) L.H.Dewey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 502 (1894).
    • Panicum echinochloa T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 748 (1894).
    • Setaria brachiariiformis (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 775 (1894).
    • Oplismenus muticus Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 714 (1896).
    • Panicum flaccidum J.Koenig ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 29 (1896), pro syn.
    • Panicum colonum var. glaucum Sickenb., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901).
    • Panicum colonum var. repens Sickenb., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901).
    • Panicum equitans f. aquaticum Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 299 (1908 publ. 1907).
    • Panicum equitans f. terrestris Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 299 (1908 publ. 1907).
    • Echinochloa colonum var. glomerulosa Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 3: 268 (1909).
    • Panicum colonum var. atroviolaceum Hack., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 56: 71 (1911).
    • Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Standl., Bull. New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. 81: 45 (1912).
    • Echinochloa colonum f. zonalis (Guss.) Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 53 (1921).
    • Echinochloa colonum var. glauca (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv. 93: 10 (1930).
    • Echinochloa colonum var. repens (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv. 93: 10 (1930).
    • Panicum colonum var. angustatum Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 33 (1930).
    • Echinochloa subverticillata Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 451 (1941).
    • Brachiaria longifolia Gilli, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 69: 39 (1966).
    • Echinochloa colonum var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): 1320 (1969).
    • Echinochloa colonum f. vivipara Beetle, Phytologia 48: 189 (1981).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Tropical & Subtropical Old World
      • Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central African Repu, Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Congo, Cyprus, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., East Himalaya, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Free State, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Hainan, India, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sinai, Socotra, Somalia, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tibet, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Western Sahara, Xinjiang, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
    • Introduced into:
      • Alabama, Andaman Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Baleares, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, California, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Christmas I., Colombia, Cook Is., Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, France, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Illinois, Italy, Jamaica, Juan Fernández Is., Kansas, Kentucky, Kriti, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Marianas, Marquesas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nauru, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, Nicaragua, Nicobar Is., Niue, North Carolina, Northern Territory, Oklahoma, Oregon, Panamá, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rodrigues, Réunion, Samoa, Sardegna, Sicilia, Society Is., Solomon Is., South Australia, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Tennessee, Texas, Tokelau-Manihiki, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turks-Caicos Is., Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Virginia, Wallis-Futuna Is., Washington, Western Australia, Windward Is., Yugoslavia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Vernacular names

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Afrikaans: Moerasgras, Klein-watergras
English: Jungle ricegrass, Jungle rice, Shama millet, Deccan grass, Small barnyard grass, Awnless barnyard grass, Marsh grass
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