Carissa spinarum

Carissa spinarum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Rauvolfioideae
Tribus: Carisseae
Genus: Carissa
Species: Carissa spinarum

Name

Carissa spinarum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 559 (1771).

Synonymy

• Heterotypic
  • Antura edulis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. p. cvi (1775).
  • Antura hadiensis J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2(1): 405 (1791).
  • Azima pubescens Suess., Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München, Heft 8, 334 (1953).
  • Cabucala brachyantha Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 205 (1948).
  • Carissa abyssinica R. Br.
  • Carissa axillaris Roxb.
  • Carissa brownii F. Muell.
  • Carissa campenonii (Drake) Palacky
  • Carissa candolleana Jaub. & Spach
  • Carissa carandas var. congesta (Wight) Bedd.
  • Carissa carandas var. paucinervia (A. DC.) Bedd.
  • Carissa cochinchinensis Pierre ex Pit.
  • Carissa comorensis (Pichon) Markgr.
  • Carissa coriacea Wall.
  • Carissa cornifolia Jaub. & Spach
  • Carissa dalzellii Bedd.
  • Carissa densiflora var. microphylla Danguy ex Lecomte
  • Carissa diffusa Roxb.
  • Carissa dulcis Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl
  • Carissa edulis f. revoluta
  • Carissa edulis subsp. continentalis Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. ambungana Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. densiflora (Baker) Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. horrida (Pichon) Markgr.
  • Carissa edulis var. microphylla Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. nummularis Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. revoluta (Scott-Elliot) Markgr.
  • Carissa edulis var. subtrinervia Pichon
  • Carissa edulis var. tomentosa (A. Rich.) Stapf
  • Carissa hirsuta Roth
  • Carissa horrida Pichon
  • Carissa inermis Vahl
  • Carissa lanceolata R. Br.
  • Carissa laxiflora Benth.
  • Carissa macrophylla Wall.
  • Carissa madagascariensis Thouars ex Poir.
  • Carissa obovata Markgr.
  • Carissa oleoides Markgr.
  • Carissa ovata R. Br.
  • Carissa paucinervia A. DC.
  • Carissa pilosa Schinz
  • Carissa pubescens A. DC.
  • Carissa revoluta Scott-Elliot
  • Carissa richardiana Jaub. & Spach
  • Carissa scabra R. Br.
  • Carissa sechellensis Baker
  • Carissa suavissima Bedd. ex Hook. f.
  • Carissa tomentosa A. Rich.
  • Carissa villosa Roxb.
  • Carissa xylopicron Thouars
  • Carissa yunnanensis Tsiang & P. T. Li
  • Jasminonerium dulce (Schumach. & Thonn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 414 (1891).
  • Jasminonerium pubescens (A. DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 414 (1891).
  • Jasminonerium sechellense (Baker) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 414 (1891).
  • Jasminonerium tomentosum (A. Rich.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 414 (1891).
  • Strychnos pungens Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 23 (1950), nom. illeg. non Solered. (1893).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Egypt, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo (Brazzaville), Rwanda, D.R. Congo (Zaire), Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga), Aldabra, Comores (Mayotte, etc.), Mauritius, Madagascar, La Reunion, Rodrigues, Seychelles, Oman Continental: Asia-Temperate Egypt (SE-Egypt), Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir), Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen), China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan), Continental: Asia-Tropical Bangladesh, India (throughout drier parts), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, New Guinea, Java, Burma, Sri Lanka, Moluccas, Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.), Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl.), Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Murree, Pakistani Punjab, etc.), Jammu & Kashmir, ?peninsular Malaysia Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, N-Western Australia) References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

• Linnaeus, C., 1771. Mantissa Plantarum. Generum Editionis vi et Specierum Editionis ii. 2:559.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Carissa spinarum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2018. Carissa spinarum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Carissa spinarum. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 16 2018.
• The Plant List 2013. Carissa spinarum in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 16.
• Tropicos.org 2018. Carissa spinarum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Oct. 2018.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Carissa spinarum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

Gĩkũyũ: Mũkawa
සිංහල: හීන් කරඹ

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