Cannabis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Rosales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Cannabaceae
Genus: Cannabis
Species: C. sativa

Name

Cannabis L., Sp. Pl.: 1027 (1753).

Monotypic taxon C. sativa is possibly now the only recognised "natural" species with perhaps three subspecies or more likely varieties and numerous named cultivars and unnamed cultivated variants (Small, 2015 & McPartland, 2018).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Morocco.
- Regional: West Tropical Africa
  - Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal.
- Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
  - Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaire.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius, Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya (introduced).
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin (introduced).
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (introduced).
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey (introduced).
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet (introduced), Xinjiang.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Korea (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal (introduced), Pakistan, West Himalaya (introduced).
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam (introduced).
- Regional: Malesia
  - Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands (introduced).
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji, Vanuatu.
- Regional: South-Central Pacific
  - Marquesas, Society Islands, Tuamotu, Tubuai Islands.
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California, Nevada.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Central America
  - Costa Rica, Nicaragua.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1027. Reference page.

Additional references

McPartland, J.M. 2018. Cannabis systematics at the levels of family, genus, and species. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3(1): 203–212. DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0039 Reference page.
Small, E. 2015. Evolution and classification of Cannabis sativa (marijuana, hemp) in relation to human utilization. Botanical Review 81(3): 189–294. DOI: 10.1007/s12229-015-9157-3 Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Cannabis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 08. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Cannabis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 08. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Cannabis. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 08 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Cannabis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 08 Aug. 2019.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Dagga
العربية: عيدان
беларуская: Каноплі
български: Коноп
বাংলা: শণ
čeština: Konopí
Deutsch: Hanf
English: Hemp
eesti: Kanep
suomi: Hamput
Nordfriisk: Henep
français: Beud
हिन्दी: भांग
hts: Yasani
македонски: Коноп
नेपाली: गाँजा
norsk: Hamp
polski: Konopie
português do Brasil: Maconha
română: Cânepă
svenska: Hampa
Türkçe: Kenevir
اردو: بھنگ

For more multimedia, look at Cannabis on Wikimedia Commons.