Calotropis procera

Taxonavigation edit

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Asclepiadeae
Subtribus: Asclepiadinae
Genus: Calotropis
Species: Calotropis procera

Name edit

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 78 (1811).

Synonyms edit

Basionym
- Asclepias procera Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 305 (1789).
Homotypic
- Madorius procerus (Aiton) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891).
- Calotropis gigantea var. procera (Aiton) P.T.Li, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 12(3): 39 (1991).
Heterotypic
- Apocynum syriacum S.G.Gmel., Reise Russland 2: 18, 257 (1774).
  - Apocynum syriacum Garsault, Fig. Pl. Méd.: 114 (1764), opus utiq. oppr.
- Calotropis syriaca (S.G.Gmel.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 148 (1930).
- Asclepias gigantea Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: 1264 (1798), nom. illeg.
- Calotropis heterophylla Wall. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 54 (1834), nom. nud.
- Calotropis hamiltonii Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 53 (1834).
  - Calotropis procera subsp. hamiltonii (Wight) Ali, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 289 (1980).
- Calotropis wallichii Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 53 (1834).
- Asclepias patula Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 536 (1844).
- Calotropis persica Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 59 (1918).
- Calotropis inflexa Chiov., Atti Ist. Bot. "Giovani Briosi", ser. 4, 7: 139 (1936).

Distribution edit

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura), Cape Verde (Santo Antao, Sao Vicente, Santa Luzia, Sao Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, Sao Tiago, Fogo, Brava).
- Regional: West Tropical Africa
  - Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone.
- Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
  - Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Zaire.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, China Southeast.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: Australia
  - Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Aruba, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Turks-Caicos Islands, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Islands.
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northwest, Paraguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References edit

Primary references edit

Aiton, W.T. 1811. Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. 2nd Edn. Vol. II., iii + 432 pp. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London. BHL Reference page.

Links edit

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Calotropis procera in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 6. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Calotropis procera. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 6 Jul 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Calotropis procera. Published online. Accessed: 6 Jul 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Calotropis procera. Accessed: 6 Jul 2023.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Calotropis procera in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Jul 6.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Calotropis procera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names edit

čeština: plchoplod otevřený, sodomské jablko
Deutsch: Oscher
English: Apple of Sodom, Swallow wort
suomi: Sodomanmadari
français: Pommier de Sodome, Arbre à soie du Sénégal
עברית: פְּתִילַת־הַמִּדְבָּר הַגְּדוֹלָה; תַּפּוּחַ סְדוֹם
magyar: Szodomai alma
svenska: Gråbladig kronbuske, sodomäpple

For more multimedia, look at Calotropis procera on Wikimedia Commons.