Pinus contorta

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292 (1838).

Native distribution areas:

Northern America
- Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
- Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan.
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- North-Central U.S.A.
  - South Dakota.
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California, Nevada, Utah.
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest.
- Introduced into:
  - Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, New South Wales, Norway, Romania, Sweden.

Kral, R. 1993. Pinus. Pp. 373-398 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page.
Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73 Reference page.
Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page.

Earle, C.J. 2023. Pinus contorta in The Gymnosperm Database. Accessed: 2023 March 27.

Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus contorta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42351A2974612.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus contorta in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 6. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus contorta. Published online. Accessed: March 6 2023. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus contorta. Accessed: 6 March 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus contorta. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 6. Reference page.