Ilex aquifolium

Ilex aquifolium, Massís del Montseny, Catalunya, Spain

Ilex aquifolium, Bucey-lès-Gy, Haute-Saône, France

Ilex aquifolium, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Aquifoliales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Aquifoliales

Familia: Aquifoliaceae
Genus: Ilex
Species: Ilex aquifolium

Name

Ilex aquifolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 125. 1753.

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Aquifolium ilex Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 116. 1771, nom. nov.
• Heterotypic
  • Aquifolium croceum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium ferox (Aiton) Mill. ex Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium heterophyllum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium lanceolatum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium planifolium Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium spinosum Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 652. 1779.
  • Aquifolium undulatum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium vulgare St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128. 1880.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. albopicta (Loudon) Geerinck, Taxonomaniac 1: 12. 2001.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. aureopicta (Loudon) Geerinck, Taxonomaniac 1: 12. 2001.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. frivaldskyana Loes., Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 262. 1901.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. barcinonae Pau, Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 32. 1922.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. camelliifolia K.Koch
  • Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. ferox Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. nigricans Göpp.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. recurva Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex balearica Desf., Hist. Arbr. France 2: 262. 1809.
  • Ilex camelliifolia Carrière, Rev. Hort. 59: 234.. 1887.
  • Ilex camelliifolia (K.Koch) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry,, Trees Great Britain 7: 1714. 1913.
  • Ilex canadensis hort. ex Decne., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 184. 1854.
  • Ilex chrysocarpa Wender., Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1828: 3. 1828.
  • Ilex ciliata Vilm., Bon Jard. 1860: 1173. 1860.
  • Ilex ciliata hort. ex Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. 369. 1893.
  • Ilex citriocarpa Murr, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 161. 1912.
  • Ilex crassifolia Aiton ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 802. 1840.
  • Ilex echinata Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 2. 1768.
  • Ilex ferox Aiton ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 802. 1840.
  • Ilex fischeri hort. ex Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 43. 1887.
  • Ilex heterophylla G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 17. 1832.
  • Ilex maderensis Willd., Enum. Pl. Suppl.: 8. 1814.
  • Ilex nigricans (Göpp.) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry,, Trees Great Britain 7: 1714. 1913.
  • Ilex platyphylla hort. ex Booth, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 184. 1854.
  • Ilex sempervirens Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 70. 1796.
  • Ilex vulgaris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 491. . 1821.

Homonyms

• Ilex aquifolium Marsh. = Ilex opaca Soland. ex Aiton

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Ilex aquifolium Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland (Irish republic), Norway, Sweden (extinct). Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium (Luxembourg), Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares (Mallorca), Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain (Andorra, Spain (mainland)) Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania (doubtfully native), Sicilia (Sicily), Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia). Regional: Eastern Europe Continental: Africa Regional: Macaronesia Madeira (Madeira; introduced). Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Western Asia East Aegean Islands (Lesvos), Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Turkey. Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia New South Wales, South Australia (introduced). Regional: New Zealand Chatham Islands (introduced). Continental: Pacific Regional: North-Central Pacific Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands: Maui, Hawaii Island; introduced) Continental: Northern America Regional: Western Canada British Columbia (introduced). Regional: Eastern Canada Ontario (introduced). Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Oregon, Washington (introduced). Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California (introduced). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 125. Reference page. 

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Ilex aquifolium. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 26 2018.
• Hassler, M. 2018. Ilex aquifolium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 26. Reference page. 
• The Plant List 2013. Ilex aquifolium in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 26.
• Tropicos.org 2018. Ilex aquifolium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 26 Oct. 2018.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Ilex aquifolium in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jun 7.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Ilex aquifolium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jun 7. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

aragonés: Cardonera
العربية: بهشية مائية الأوراق
български: Бодливолистен джел
brezhoneg: Kelenn
català: Grèvol
corsu: Caracutu
čeština: Cesmína ostrolistá
Cymraeg: Celyn
dansk: Almindelig Kristtorn
Deutsch: Europäische Stechpalme
English: European Holly
Esperanto: Ordinara ilekso
español: Acebo
euskara: Gorosti
فارسی: خاس کریسمس
suomi: Orjanlaakeri
français: Houx commun
galego: Acivro
hrvatski: Božika
magyar: Közönséges magyal
Ido: Ilexo
íslenska: Kristþyrnir
italiano: Agrifoglio
日本語: セイヨウヒイラギ
lombard: Scanfòi
lietuvių: Dygialapis bugienis
македонски: Бодлика
Nederlands: Hulst
norsk nynorsk: Kristtorn
norsk: Kristtorn
Nouormand: Housse
occitan: Houx
polski: Ostrokrzew kolczasty
português: Azevinho
Runa Simi: Asiwu
русский: Падуб остролистный
sardu: Agrivoddu
slovenčina: Cezmína ostrolistá
slovenščina: Navadna bodika
Seeltersk: Dulle-Huunde
svenska: Järnek
Türkçe: Çoban Püskülü
українська: Падуб гостролистовий
Zeêuws: 'Ulst
中文（简体）: 欧洲冬青
中文（繁體）: 歐洲冬青
中文（臺灣）: 歐洲冬青
中文: 歐洲冬青

For more multimedia, look at Ilex aquifolium on Wikimedia Commons.